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Manual on Care, Rehabilitation,
Recovery and Reintegration of Victims
of Trafficking in Human Beings
for the Kyrgyz Republic
Trafficking in persons (Human trafficking) – The recruitment, transportation, transfer,
harboring, or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the
giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over
another person, for the purpose of exploitation.
Victim of human trafficking – an individual who is a victim of the crime of trafficking in
persons. |
Exploitation – the act of taking advantage of something or someone, in particular the act of
taking unjust advantage of another for one’s own benefit (e.g. sexual exploitation, forced labour or
services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs).
In cooperation with partner NGOs, IOM Bishkek renders aid to individuals, who have become
victims of human trafficking. IOM provides practical aid including assistance through return from
abroad, professional consultations, medical, legal, psychological, and reintegration aid. |
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Ainura's Dream
Written by Marinka Franulovic and illustrated by Doriana Berkovic
When a young Kyrgyz woman Ainura accepts an offer of work at a bazaar in a neighboring country, she is convinced the job will bring her a better future.
However, Ainura’s passport is taken from her and she is forced to work long hours on a tobacco plantation for no salary. She discovers she has been sold as a slave and wonders if she will ever get free again. Take a journey with Ainura, learn about modern slavery and how to stay safe from human trafficking.
The “Ainura’s Dream” is an anti-trafficking book for children. IOM Bishkek supported the book in Kyrgyz and Russian languages. The book will become a part of curriculum for schools in the Kyrgyz Republic and it will be distributed through the anti-trafficking NGO network to the vulnerable youth as part of an anti-trafficking awareness building campaign.
The project is financed by the Government of Norway. |
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ROLE of NGOs in COUNTER TRAFFICKING in the KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Since beginning its work in Kyrgyzstan, IOM has assisted non-governmental organizations (NGOs) through educational programs focusing on institutional and organizational management, by organization of intersectional coordination, and with financial support for migration management projects.
NGOs play a key role in IOM activities. All IOM projects involving direct work with the public are implemented by partner NGOs.
Since 2002, in order to consolidate and raise the potential of migration NGOs, IOM has worked on |
building an NGO network; already, this network includes 35 regular members and covers all regions of the country. IOM Kyrgyzstan in cooperation with the NGO network carries out programs on counter-trafficking and provides legal and other assistance to forced, ethnic, returning, ecologic and other categories of migrants.
The Regional Center on Migration and Refugees, with financial support from IOM, conducted an independent, wide-ranging evaluation of the NGO network in the Kyrgyz Republic working in the area of counter-trafficking. The purpose of the research was to investigate the history of network development, the particularities of its functioning, and the needs and outlook for future development. |
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Fertile Fields: Trafficking in Persons in Central Asia
The title of this report comes from a conversation during a journey through Uzbekistan from Tashkent to Samarkand in the high summer. Fertile, but uncultivated Jand stretched for kilometers on either side of the road, and few gardens alongside the houses we passed had vegetable plots or fruit trees. This struck me as odd, given both the range and quality of fruit and vegetables in local markets and what I had seen on other journeys through rural hinterlands, including in Ethiopia, where the high temperatures and limited water supply are surely comparable to those in Central Asia. At the approach to and/or exit from each of the towns we passed through stood groups of rather desperate-looking men and some women - these were what are known in the region as informal 'labor markets". The phrase "fertile fields" somehow connected the under-used land, unemployed adults with no sustainable livelihood and the potential for trafficking and exploitation. As the report has taken shape, the phrase has also |
come to represent the multiple ways in which the history and current context of the region shape a context in which trafficking in persons can flourish. This study would not have been possible without the hard work and contributions of a large number of individuals. The data collection and visits to the region involved considerable input from the five country researchers and the staff of the IOM offices in the region and in Geneva. Particular thanks are due to Livia Vedrasco in the IOM Technical Cooperation Centre for Europe and Central Asia in Vienna who undertook the unenviable tasks of coordination and management of the project and edited the final draft. The staff in CWASU also made contributions, Linda Regan and Lorna Kennedy coded and consolidated interviews, Jo Lovett followed up missing references and edited drafts, and Stephanie Rucker-Andrews sought out much of the data used in Chapter J. Corinna Seith took responsibility for recording notes and interviews during the research visit to Central Asia. |
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Analysis of Institutional and Legal Frameworks and Overview of Cooperation Patterns in the Field of
Counter-Trafficking in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
(Research Report November 2003)
Despite the fact that public awareness of and concern over trafficking in persons has grown considerably over the past number of years, the knowledge base is still relatively weak. According to Kelly (2003), research on trafficking has not moved much beyond mapping the problem and reviews of legal frameworks and policy, but the need for information to feed into policy debates is pressing. As regards the EECA countries, there is a lack of information on the existing national mechanisms used by the governments to combat trafficking, however limited their reach and extent may be. Most reports, including those produced by IOM, offer a pragmatic overview of the phenomenon, on policy responses and existing lacunae in measures and legislation, although they do not offer a |
pragmatic overview of the phenomenon, on policy responses and existing lacunae in measures and legislation, although they do not offer a through analysis on the root causes of trafficking, an area which is needs to be analyzed further and addressed through preventive action. The American Bar Association (ABA) has done a recent assessment of the legal framework in place in the countries involved, but this did not focus in any particular detail on the governmental mechanisms and policy responses (ABA/CEELI, 2003).This report's focus is on the analysis of institutional and legal frameworks in place to combat trafficking and an overview of cooperation patterns in the EECA region and beyond. The IOM research project in the 12 EECA countries ultimately seeks to serve as a tool for the enhancement of both IOM's and national governments' counter-trafficking activities in the region. |
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TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
“Trafficking in Women and Children in the Kyrgyz Republic” (November 200): Trafficking in human beings is a global problem that undermines legal immigration regimes and the rule of law. Human trafficking also violates the fundamental human rights of individuals and provides huge profits for criminal groups. World governments, with the assistance of international organizations, are introducing new legislation and concrete measures to improve border controls, combat organized crime and protect victims.
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) are at the forefront in raising awareness of human trafficking worldwide. IOM and OSCE field missions are actively involved in anti-trafficking initiatives. |
There has been very little reliable information on human trafficking in Central Asia, especially in the Kyrgyz Republic. IOM and the OSCE/ODIHR agreed to jointly fund a statistical research project. The primary goal of the research was to estimate the incidence of and the potential for human trafficking transiting through and from the Kyrgyz Republic. It was the objective of this research to contribute to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of human trafficking.
The findings of this research will be used to support the development of effective legislation measures and policies to combat trafficking. Training information campaigns and related projects to assist and protect victims of trafficking will also be a major result of this research. The findings of this study should be viewed as a preliminary indication of the current situation. The research project “Trafficking in Women and Children from the Kyrgyz Republic” (November 2000) reflects the in-depth facts and figures of human trafficking in this part of the world. |
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